Quantum Physics as a pillar of metrology: Strategies and approach of a medium-sized NMI

Quantum technologies make it possible to obtain reproducible standards at any time and place without traceability chain. Centro Español de Metrología (CEM) has been using them for more than 20 years for standards such as voltage and resistance. Nowadays, the second quantum revolution has burst into the field of metrology in a radical way, offering tools and methods with unprecedented capabilities and transforming the classical view of this science, giving the opportunity to overcome limits that were considered unsurpassed. NMIs have a duty and obligation to take this potential and transform it into tangible benefits for science, industry and society. This goal, which is a major challenge for the whole community, is even greater for small and medium-sized NMIs. However, far from being a barrier, this should be an invitation to actively participate in this revolution.
CEM has assumed a firm commitment to develop these quantum technologies. This has led to design and implement a comprehensive strategy to completely transform the Institute, from the most classical conception of metrology towards future quantum developments. As part of this strategy, several projects are being carried out with the aim of being an active actor in this global transformation, such as the following:
An optical clock based on Calcium 40 ions is being implemented. This device will make use of an ion trap, a state-of-the-art technology which will enhance the capabilities of CEM offering higher levels of accuracy in our realisations. Furthermore, this project aims to establish, with ROA, national and international collaborations that will allow us to contribute to the advancement of this technology in the global scientific community.
On another hand, optomechanical sensors have been proposed by the International Thermometry community which, by combining light-mater interaction with the vibrations of the device at the nanometric scale, allows the construction of primary quantum thermometer. CEM has been working in nano-photonic sensors based on photonic crystals in Si. It has been developed a free space-measuring set-up working at 1550 nm from 10 °C to 80 °C for the calibration of photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
In addition, CEM is developing an experiment for the materialization of the pressure unit, the Pascal, by refractometry technique. This experiment has the aim of covering the pressure range of 1 Pa to 30 kPa with a target expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 2 mPa + 10 ppm. This experiment is part of the European integrated metrological infrastructure for a SI-traceable quantum-pascal, and it is expected to be one pillar for primary materializations of other quantities.
These developments are part of the ongoing transformation at CEM, with the aim of becoming a key player in the implementation of quantum technologies in metrology. Beyond our progress, the goal is to serve as a showcase and inspiration for all NMIs, regardless of their size or resources, to understand the importance of being part of this revolution. Our aim is to demonstrate that, with a clear strategy and a strong commitment, it is possible to be part of this historic change.